Efficiency, Merit and Privilege: Public Administration Reforms in Brazil and Turkey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v72i01.3302Palavras-chave:
Brazil, Turkey, public administration reformResumo
The Brazilian and Turkish public administrations display a mixture of patrimonial, traditional bureaucratic and managerial characteristics. This patchwork is a result of more than a century of disjointed reform attempts to address chronic institutional problems such as government inefficiency, political patronage and corruption. Based on a comparative study of the two cases using official data, reports and a review of the public administration literature, this paper analyses the historical evolution and present structures of the civil service in Brazil and Turkey. Both public administrations continue to face diverse sets of challenges today, albeit in different forms and degrees: government inefficiency comes across as a major problem in Brazil, while the deterioration of the merit principle is particularly disconcerting in Turkey. Public sector employees enjoy more limited rights and benefits in Turkey compared to Brazil, where the civil service is faced with the opposite charge of undue privilege in a highly unequal society. Finally, while corruption and political patronage remain problematic in both cases, their causes appear to be different.
Downloads
Referências
Akdeniz, I. (2016). Kamu Görevlileri Etik Kurulunu Yeniden Düşünmek [Rethinking the Council of Ethics for Public Officials]. Sayıştay Dergisi, 103. October – December, pp. 59 – 83.
Akkoyunlu, K.; & Öktem, K. (2016). Existential insecurity and the making of a weak authoritarian regime in Turkey. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 16 (4), pp. 505 – 527.
Bresser Pereira, L. C. (1998). Da administração pública burocrática à gerencial. In Bresser-Pereira; Luiz Carlos; Spin, Peter (Eds). Reforma do Estado e Administração Pública Gerencial. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Getúlio Vargas.
Cavalcante, P.; & Carvalho, P. (2017). The professionalization of Brazilian federal bureaucracy (1995-2014): advances and dilemmas. Revista do Administração Pública. 51(1), Rio de Janeiro, Jan/Feb.
Cavalcante, P. (2018). Innovations in the federal government during the post-New Public Management Era. RAC. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, v. 22, pp. 885-902.
Corrêa, I. M. (2016). Unveiled to regulate: The logics and trajectories of regulatory transparency policies. Unpublished PhD Thesis. London School of Economics.
CNM. (2012). Cai o número de centrais sindicais reconhecidas pelo governo. Confederação Nacional dos Metalúrgicos, 10 October.
Dahlstrom, C.; Teorell, J.; Dahlberg, S.; Hartmann, F.; Lindberg, A.; & Nistotskaya, M. (2015). The qog expert survey dataset. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute.
Dalhuisen, J. (2017). In Turkey, defending human rights is a crime. Politico. 19 July.
Erdinç, I. (2014). AKP Döneminde Sendikal Alanın Yeniden Yapılanması ve Kutuplaşma: Hak-İş ve Ötekiler [Restructuring the field of trade unions and polarisation: Hak-Is and others]. Çalışma ve Toplum. Vol. 2, pp. 155–174.
European Commission. (2004). Regular Report on Turkey’s progress towards accession. Brussels, 6 October.
European Commission. (2005). Turkey 2005 Progress Report. Brussels, 9 November.
European Commission. (2016). Turkey 2016 Progress Report. Brussels, 9 November.
European Commission. (2018). Turkey 2018 Report. Strasbourg, 17 April.
Gaetani, F. (2008). Constitutional public management reforms in modern Brazil 1930-1998. Unpublished PhD thesis. London School of Economics.
Freedom House. (2018). Freedom in the World 2018, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018
Grindle, M. (2010). Constructing, deconstructing, and reconstructing career civil service systems in Latin America. Faculty Research Working Paper Series. Harvard Kennedy School. June.
Güler, B. A. (2010). 657’yi Değiştirmek: 9 Haziran 2010 Tasarısı Üzerine [To Change 657: About the 9 June 2010 Proposal]. Ankara University, Faculty of Political Science, 3 July.
Haberler. (2014). Torpilliler Bir Gün Sözleşmeli Çalışıp Devlet Memuru Olmuş [Privileged employees made civil servants after a single day under contract], 9 December.
Maneo, A.; & Amâncio, T. (2015). Com metade da população, negros são só 18% em cargos de destaque no Brasil. Folha de S. Paulo, 8 June.
Nunberg, B.; & Pacheco, R. S. (2016) . Public management incongruity in 21st Century Brazil. In SCHNEIDER, Ben Ross (Ed). New Order and Progress: Development and Democracy in Brazil. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
OECD. (2009). OECD Reviews of human resource management in government - Brazil. 10 December.
OECD. (2012). Human resources management country profiles, Brazil. December.
OECD. (2017). Pension reform in Brazil. Policy Memo. April.
OLIVEIRA, J. A. (2017). Puppim de. Brazilian public administration: Shaping and being shaped by governance and development. Chinese Political Science Review, Vol 2, pp. 7 – 21.
Osborne, D.; & Gaebler, T. (1993). Reinventing government: How the entrepreneurial spirit is transforming the public sector. New York: Penguin.
Ota, L. A.; Fernandes, A. (2017). Servidor público ganha 67% a mais que o privado no Brasil, diz Banco Mundial. O Estado do São Paulo, 21 November.
Ömürgönülşen, U. (2009). The Four System Studies: Legal and Institutional Infrastructure of Ethical Administration in Turkey. Report for the Council of Europe. Ethics for the Prevention of Corruption in Turkey (TYEC). CoE Project No. EC/1062.
Öktem, K.; & Akkoyunlu, K. (2016). Exit from democracy: Illiberal governance in Turkey and beyond. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 16 (4), pp. 469 – 480.
Phillips, D. (2016). Brazil senate approves austerity package to freeze social spending for 20 years. The Guardian. 13 December.
Pichler, W. A.; & Menegotto, G. (2015). Union membership and industrial action in Brazilian public sector in the 2000s. Paper presented at GT-17 Reestructuración Productiva, Trabajo y Dominación Social, Congreso ALAS 2015, Costa Rica.
Republic Of Turkey.(2018). State Personnel Presidency: http://www.dpb.gov.tr/tr-tr.
Rizvi, G. (2007). Reinventing government: Putting democracy and social justice back into the discourse. In The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (DESA). Public Administration and Democratic Governance: Governments Serving Citizens. Vienna, Austria.
Romero, S. (2013). Brazil, where a judge made $361,500 in a month, Fumes over pay. New York Times, 10 February.
Somer, M. (2016). Conquering versus democratizing the state: Political Islamists and fourth wave democratization in Turkey and Tunisia. Democratization, 24 (6), pp. 1025 – 1043.
Soto, A. (2016). Brazil's Temer unveils pension reform, sets retirement age at 65. Reuters, 5 December.
Soyaltin, D. (2017) Europeanization, Good Governance and Corruption in the Public Sector: The Case of Turkey. London: Routledge.
Todaie. (1991). Kamu Yönetimi Araştırması Genel Rapor [General Report of the Public Administration Research]. Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü. TODAIE Yayınları.
Van De Walle, S. (2006). The state of the world's bureaucracies. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 8 (4), pp. 437 – 448, 2006.
Velarde, J. C. C.; Lafuente, M.; & Sanginés, M. (2014) . Al servicio del ciudadano: Una década de reformas del servicio civil en América Latina (2004–13). Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Washington, DC.
Volpe, A. P. S.; & Dias Silva, T. (2016). Reserva de vagas para negros na administração pública: Relatório de Pesquisa. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), Brasilia.
World Bank. (2017). Um ajuste justo: Análise da eficiência e equidade do gasto público no Brasil. Revisão das Despesas Públicas, November.
World Bank. (2017). Doing Business Rankings. June, http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings
WEF. (2018). The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018. World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2017-2018
Yabancı, B. (2016). Populism as the problem child of democracy: The AKP’s enduring appeal and the use of meso-level actors. Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 16 (4), p. 591 – 617.
Yeni Çağ. (2016). Devlet KPSS'siz memur alacak [State to hire civil servants without central exam]. 15 August.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista do Serviço Público
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- A RSP adota a licença Creative Commons (CC) do tipo Atribuição – Uso Não-Comercial (BY-NC).
- A licença permite que outros remixem, adaptem e criem obra licenciada, sendo proibido o uso com fins comerciais.
- As novas obras devem fazer referência ao autor nos créditos e não podem ser usadas com fins comerciais, porém não precisam ser licenciadas sob os mesmos termos dessa licença.
- Ao publicar o artigo na RSP, o autor cede e transfere para a ENAP os direitos autorais patrimoniais referentes ao artigo.
- O artigo publicado na RSP não poderá ser divulgado em outro meio sem a devida referência à publicação de origem.
- O autor que tiver o artigo publicado na RSP deverá assinar o Termo de Concessão de Direitos Autorais (em momento oportuno a editoria da Revista entrará em contato com o autor para assinatura do Termo).
