What are citizens expected to control in a democracy?
Keywords:
social control, democracy, State, representation, participationAbstract
The article examines four widely circulated and influential general arguments that offer typical answers to the question: What are citizens expected to control in a democracy? The answers depend on how the relationship between democracy, representation, participation, and control is understood. These elements are crystallized in four arguments that constitute a continuum of possibilities: control as the people's verdict, control as a substantive connection between representatives and the represented, control as effective popular sovereignty, and control as the realization of inclusive decision-making processes. The development of the last argument has been stimulated by democratic innovation processes, in relation to which Latin America, and especially Brazil, have been a reference in the international debate. We argue for the importance of control over the functions of the State (policies and not just politics), and we develop a response centered on participation as social control, examining the limits, assumptions, and advantages of the general arguments.
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