Gender inequality in state bureaucracies from a comparative perspective

a systematic review of the scientific production

Abstract

How does the literature address the role of women in state bureaucracies? This article conducts a literature review based on this question, using the theory of representative bureaucracy as a theoretical framework. This theory suggests that a diverse bureaucracy tends to align with public policies that serve a diverse society. As a methodological strategy, we carried out a systematic literature review, employing a rigorous methodology to identify, select, and critically evaluate the scientific production on the topic. The reviewed articles reveal a geographical concentration of research in the United States, with additional contributions from Asia, Europe, Africa, and Latin America. The findings highlight persistent challenges faced by women, including occupational segregation, underrepresentation, and lower remuneration compared to their male counterparts. However, some studies provide evidence that the presence of women in state bureaucracies can enhance public management and influence decision-making in support of feminist causes. This study underscores the potential for further exploration of the topic, particularly in the Brazilian context. The ongoing challenges faced by women in public institutions emphasize the importance of continued research and strategic interventions to advance gender equity in the public sector.